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- åProblem Clinic
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- This section discusses what you should do if you think that your system
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- may be infected by a new virus, but Disinfectant reports that it cannot
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- locate any known viruses.
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- There are many, many things which can go wrong on a Macintosh. Almost
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- all of them have absolutely nothing to do with viruses. Thousands of
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- people have reported strange behavior on their Macintoshes to anti-virus
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- experts but, after careful investigation, only a handful of these cases
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- were actually new viruses.
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- If your Macintosh begins to malfunction or behave unusually, please do not
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- yield to the temptation to immediately blame the malfunction on a new
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- virus. There are several things you can do to try to isolate the problem.
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- The most common cause of problems is simple errors in software. An
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- error in an application, extension (INIT), control panel (cdev), or other
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- piece of software can cause crashes, hangs, damaged files, trashed disks,
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- or any other kind of problem imaginable.
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- Thus, the first question you should ask is, “Have I installed any new
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- software lately?” If the answer is “Yes,” try removing the software
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- and see if the problem disappears.
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- One very common symptom on the Macintosh is problems with the proper
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- display of icons in Finder windows. This symptom is almost never due to a
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- virus, save for the Scores virus which does change the appearance of a
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- few icons. This problem is almost always due to a damaged “desktop.” If
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- your icons are not being displayed properly, you should rebuild the
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- desktop.
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- To rebuild the desktop on a hard drive, if you are using System 6, first
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- use the “Set Startup” command in the Finder’s Special menu to specify
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- that you want to start up using Finder instead of MultiFinder. For either
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- System 6 or System 7, restart your Macintosh, keeping the Command and
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- Option keys held down throughout the startup process. An alert will
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- appear asking if you really want to rebuild the desktop. Click the OK
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- button when the alert appears.
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- To rebuild the desktop on a floppy disk, hold down the Command and Option
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- keys while inserting the floppy into a floppy drive. Click the OK button
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- when the alert appears.
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- Another common problem is damaged applications. If an application begins
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- behaving unusually, try replacing it with a known good copy from your
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- locked original master floppy.
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- Another common problem is damaged system files in the System folder.
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- The best way to cure this problem is to rebuild your System folder from
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- scratch. Restart your Macintosh from a startup floppy. Drag the Finder
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- file outside of the System folder on your hard drive. Rename your hard
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- drive System folder “Old System Folder.” Then use your Apple installer
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- disks to install a completely new System folder on the hard drive. Restart
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- from this hard drive. If your problem disappears, then you have verified
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- that the cause of the problem was something in your old System folder.
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- Under System 7, open both your old and your new System files. Drag all
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- of your old fonts and sounds from your old System file to your new
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- System file. Under System 6, use the Font/DA Mover to copy all of your
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- fonts and desk accessories from your old System file to your new System
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- file.
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- Next, copy files, a few at a time, from your old System folder into your
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- new System folder. Restart your Mac after each copying operation and
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- use it for a while to see if the problem has come back. If the problem has
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- not come back, copy a few more files over and repeat the process. If the
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- problem reappears, you will have narrowed down the cause of the
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- problem to the last few files which you copied. You can now remove these
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- last few files from your new System folder one at a time to locate the file
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- which is causing the problem. Replace the problem file by a known good
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- version. If the problem persists, delete the problem file. Finally, remove
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- the old System folder.
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- In some cases, software errors can damage the areas on your disk which
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- contain file directories and other important system information. This can
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- sometimes be so serious that all or some of the files and folders on the
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- disk become inaccessible, or the system may not even be able to mount
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- the disk at all, or the system may simply behave strangely. In this case,
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- you may attempt to use a disk recovery utility, or you may be forced to
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- reinitialize and reformat the disk and reload your files from backup
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- floppies or tapes. There are several good disk recovery utilities
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- available, including Apple’s Disk First Aid, which is included with every
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- Mac sold. If you have access to Apple’s Macintosh Technical Notes,
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- consult note number 134, “Hard Disk Medic & Booting Camp.”
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- Some problems can be cured by resetting the parameter RAM.
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- To reset the parameter RAM under System 7, hold down the Command,
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- Option, P, and R keys while restarting your Mac. When the RAM has been
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- zapped, you will hear a beep, and the system will restart again. You can
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- release the keys at this point.
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- To reset the parameter RAM under System 6, hold down the Command,
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- Option, and Shift keys while opening the Control Panel desk accessory.
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- If all else fails and you still suspect that your system may be infected by
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- a new virus, there are a few additional things you can try. Monitor
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- application file sizes and last modification dates with the Finder’s Get Info
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- command. If your applications are consistently growing in size, or if their
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- last modification dates are consistently changing, this is one indication
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- that there may indeed be a virus spreading on your system. Do not,
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- however, be concerned about changes in size or changes in the last
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- modification date of your System file; this is normal and does not indicate
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- a virus. Also, some applications modify themselves, and in these cases
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- you may see a legitimate increase in size and/or change in the last
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- modification date. Look for consistent patterns of change which affect
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- several files.
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- If your problems continue, try to obtain the assistance of a knowledgeable
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- friend or local expert. If you are a university student, staff member, or
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- faculty member, ask for assistance at your campus computing center. If
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- you work for a corporation with a computer department, ask the local
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- gurus within the department for help. Go to a meeting of your local Mac
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- user group and ask for help.
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- If you have followed all of this advice and if you still think that you may
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- have a new virus, then you should feel free to contact the author of
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- Disinfectant for assistance. His addresses are at the end of this manual.
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- Please mail him a detailed report and, if it is at all possible, include copies
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- of files which you suspect may be infected. Please do not try to call him
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- on the phone.
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